Keratin-based materials are widely used in biomedical applications due to excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, keratin was extracted from waste wool fibers and blended with polycaprolactone (PCL) to produce PCL/keratin nanofibrous mats by electrospinning. The electrospun PCL/keratin nanofibrous mats were chlorinated in diluted sodium hypochlorite solution to endow antibacterial properties. The prepared nanofibrous mats were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron, and Fourier infrared spectroscopy. The effect of the chlorination time on the active chlorine loading of the mats was investigated. The chlorinated PCL/keratin nanofibrous mats with 0.78 +/- 0.009 wt% active chlorine displayed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positiveStaphylococcus aureus(ATCC 6538) and Gram-negativeEscherichia coliO157:H7 (ATCC 43895) with 6.88 and 6.81 log reductions, respectively. It was found that the mats were compatible with mouse fibroblast cells (L929). The chlorinated PCL/keratin nanofibrous mats might find promising applications in the biomedical field.