Barium acetate and tetrabutyl titanate as raw materials and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, M-w=1 300 000) as a viscous agent, the barium titanate nanoparticles with large aspect ratio were prepared by sol-gel method combined with electrospinning technology. The effects of acetic acid-ethanol-deionized water, acetic acid-DMF-deionized water and acetic acid-DMF-acetylacetone on the fiber diameters were investigated. The results show that the main phase of BaTiO3 NFs is cubic phase after calcination at 900 degrees C. When the PVP content is 8.7 wt% and acetic acid-DMF-acetylacetone is the optimized spinning solvent, the BaTiO3 NFs have a minimum diameter of 200 nm and an aspect ratio of 100:1. On the basis of orthogonal experiments, the influence of spinning parameters such as the distance from the needle to the receiver, the flow rate and the spinning voltage on the aspect ratio of BaTiO3 NFs was investigated. It is found that when the distance from the needle to the receiver is 21cm, the flow rate is 0.5 mL/h and the spinning voltage is 21 kV, the prepared BaTiO3 NFs have a uniform morphology with a diameter of 200 nm and an aspect ratio of 125:1.