In the article, a bilayer nanocomposite scaffold made of oxidized alginate (OAL), gelatin (G), and silk fibroin (SF) has been prepared via combining electrospinning, in situ gas foaming, in situ crosslinking and freeze drying methods. The physicochemical and mechanical properties, as well as thermal stability of the proposed composite, have been investigated by SEM, FTIR, XRD, tensile, and TGA analysis. The data indicate that structure and degree of crosslinking play a vital role in adjusting the physical and mechanical properties of composite scaffolds. Further, the authors find a favorable adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell's (AMSC) attachment and distribution within this novel hydrogel-electrospun composite. Such a nanocomposite structure with its promising properties and cell-material interaction may be considered as a new scaffold for different tissue engineering applications.