Boron carbonitride (BCN) nanofibers with rapid and efficient adsorption performance were prepared by electrospinning technology. TEM, XRD, XPS and N(2)adsorption-desorption isotherms were performed to study the microstructure of the nanofibers. The results showed that the BCN fibers synthesized at 1000 degrees C (BCN-1000) have good crystallinity and high specific surface areas (403 m(2)g(-1)). BCN-1000 nanofibers adsorb 70% of amino black 10B (AB-10B) within 10 minutes and reach adsorption equilibrium within 60 minutes. Compared with previous reports, it is found that the adsorption rate of BCN-1000 nanofibers to amino black (AB-10B) is much higher than that of other adsorbents. And BCN nanofibers exhibit a large adsorption capacity (625 mg g(-1)). In addition, the process of AB-10B adsorption on BCN nanofibers was systematically investigated, which was in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Langmuir isotherm model.