Polyurethane (PU) and doxorubicine loaded-PU nanofiber mats were prepared by the electrospinning technique. The effect of some system and process parameters including flow rate, distance from collector, and concentration of solution on the size and morphology of nanofibers was investigated. The size, morphology and drug content of nanofiber mats were followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR and TGA methods were used for structural and thermal characterization, and DSC was also used for determining the form of drug within nanofiber mat. Doxorubicine release kinetics were studied in two different pHs (4.5 and 7.5) for two drug content and it was observed that there is an inverse correlation between the amounts of drug loaded and released.