In this paper, the cellulose/polyacrylonitrile(PAN) composite nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning technique firstly. Then, cellulose/PAN/Cu nanofibers were fabricated with antibacterial function by loading Cu(II) ions. The morphology, mechanical properties and hydrophilicity of nanofibers was characterized. Antibacterial performance of cellulose/PAN/Cu nanofiber with against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were evaluated. The results showed that the cellulose/PAN/Cu nanofiber demonstrated excellent mechanical property and antibacterial activity when the concentration of Cu(II) ions is set to be 0.01 mol/L.