Highly porous, hollow TiO2 nanofibers (NFs) were fabricated through coaxial nozzle electrospinning using a polymer sol-gel solution of CaCO3 and TiO2 precursor. Hollow and porous TiO2 NFs were obtained by etching CaCO3 on calcined TiO2 fibers using dilute HCl. Characterization of the as-synthesized materials were performed using FE-SEM and XRD before and after 24 h of bio-mineralization. The in vitro cell culture test was performed using MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells to assess cell response of the different NFs. The results suggested that as-synthesized porous nanotubes have better biocompatibility for bone regeneration and implantations compared to other nonporous TiO2 nanorods or NFs. (C) 2015 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.