The application of electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs) as microfilters for the process of water purification requires the substrate to possess suitable strength, permeability, and a smooth surface. Therefore, the fiber homogeneity, inter-fiber adhesion, and surface roughness of the ENMs must be carefully controlled. Concurrently, an understanding of the ENMs' rejection mechanism for contaminants is necessary for the effective application of ENMs. In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of polyethersulfone (PES) ENMs, which are useful for water purification as water treatment membranes. An optimum fabrication condition that can significantly improve the mechanical property and surface roughness of the PES membrane is also illustrated. This technique induces the solvent remaining on the fiber's surface after the electrospinning process, and the mechanical properties and surface roughness of the membrane are improved by the solvent-induced fusion of the fiber. The fabricated PES ENMs also show higher clean water productivity. Additionally, we show that a particulate contaminant in water is mainly rejected on the ENM surface by using a water filtration test. Based on our conclusions, we suggest the appropriate ENM regeneration method and confirm that the fabricated ENMs show excellent regeneration ability. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.