Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have been demonstrated as promising candidates for broadband-responsive photodetectors. It is critical to develop perovskite-based photodetectors with excellent photodetection capability and facile fabrication processes for practical application. Herein, we designed and fabricated, for the first time, a hybrid photodetector consisting of electrospun ZnO nanofibers and perovskites. Compared to pristine ZnO or perovskite, the hybrid photodetector showed increased on-off ratio, faster response speed, and higher responsivity and detectivity. The performance of the hybrid devices was significantly enhanced by using quasi-aligned ZnO nanofiber arrays instead of disordered nanofibers, which provide efficient charge transfer between the perovskite and ZnO, shorter transmission paths, and reduced carrier loss at cross-junctions of nanofibers. Our results provide a new and promising route to integrate inorganic functional materials with perovskite for high-performance and low-cost photodetectors.