Novel multifluorescent mats of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/CdTe quantum dots (QDs) composite ultrafine fibers were fabricated via an electrospinning method. Due to the properties of CdTe QDs, such as tunable sizes and different fluorescence colors, the mats were endowed with potential application in the field of adjustable optical devices. Electrospinning technology can make oil-soluble PMMA/CdTe composite solution form nanometer fibers with fluorescence property under UV light. The contents of CdTe NPs in the composite solution have an effect on the diameters and conductivity values of the fibers. In addition, a certain thickness of ultrafine fibers formed mats and possessed outstanding fluorescence property, which had great potential as an ideal candidate for displayer, encoding and so on.