Silk fibroin (SF) from Bombyx mori has many established excellent properties and has found various applications in the biomedical field. However, some abilities or capacities of SF still need improving to meet the need for using practically. Indeed, diverse SF-based composite biomaterials have been developed. Here we report the feasibility of fabricating pantothenic acid (vitamin B-5, VB5)-reinforcing SF nanofibrous matrices for biomedical applications through green electrospinning. Results demonstrated the successful loading of D-pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt (VB5-hs) into resulting composite nanofibers. The introduction of VB5-hs did not alter the smooth ribbon-like morphology and the silk I structure of SF, but significantly decreased the mean width of SF fibers. SF conformation transformed into beta-sheet from random coil when composite nanofibrous matrices were exposed to 75% (v/v) ethanol vapor. Furthermore, nanofibers still remained good morphology after being soaked in water environment for five days. Interestingly, as-prepared composite nanofibrous matrices supported a higher level of cell viability, especially in a long culture period and significantly assisted skin cells to survive under oxidative stress compared with pure SF nanofibrous matrices. These findings provide a basis for further extending the application of SF in the biomedical field, especially in the personal skin-care field. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.