In this study, CeO2 nanofibers and that doped with Eu3+ were prepared via a facile electrospinning route and annealed at different temperatures ranging from 500 to 900 degrees C. Their structures were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Photoluminescence properties of the nanofibers were studied in detail. It was found that the nanofibers with Eu% concentration of 0.67 mol.% and annealed at 700 degrees C exhibited the highest intensities of the luminescence peaks between 550 and 650 nm. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.