In the present study, hydroxyapatite nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning. The main focus is based on the effect of adding various ratios of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) sol to polymeric solutions of PVA and PVP with a fixed concentration of 10 and 15% (w/v), respectively, on the morphology and the diameter of the electrospun nanofihers. The electrical conductivity of pure PVA solution was higher than PVP (0.610 versus 0.06 mS/cm). However, by adding Ca-P sol, the solution conductivity increased to 23.5 and 34.4 mS/cm for PVA solution containing 15 (vol%) [A15] and PVP solution containing 25 (vol%) [V25] of the prepared sol, respectively. SEM observations showed that the fiber diameter of sample V25 (average diameter of 150 nm) was thinner and more uniform than A15 (average diameter of 170 nm). FE-SEM of sample V25 confirmed the results of SEM analysis as well. After heat treatment at 600 degrees C, powder-like particles were formed for the samples obtained from PVA solution without any fibers whereas a spaghetti-like morphology was seen for the samples V15 and V25. X-ray diffractograms of sample V25 indicated the presence of HA phase at two temperatures of 600 and 800 degrees C. However, in the latter case, minor phases of beta-tricalcium phosphate and calcium oxide were also identified. In addition, the crystal size increased from 2 nm at 600 degrees C to 16 nm at 800 degrees C.SEM/EDS analyses confirmed the formation of needle-like HA on surface of V25 after 7 days of soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF). Evaluation of cell growth demonstrated that human osteoblast-like cells were attached, spread, and grown well on the surface of V25. This event could be a good sign of biocompatibility of the fibers.