Ultrafine fullerene (C60)/poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) composite fibers with 1 mu m diameter were prepared by electrospinning C60/PVK blend solutions in solvent mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)/toluene. The UV absorption spectra of nanofibers have a similar behavior as observed in the thin films for the same doping condition. It is interesting to observe that the PVK nanofibers have a very strong blue-violet luminescence, while 'bright spots' due to C60 can be observed on the C60/PVK fibers under UV irradiation in a fluorescence optical microscope. Compared to the emission spectra of PVK thin films, the photoluminescence of the PVK nanofibers shows a new emission peak at 437 nm. Efficient energy transfer was observed in C60/PVK thin films, as well as in blend nanofibers. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.