Electrospinning is potentially an effective way to prepare ceramic nanofibers using sol-gel precursors. However, the raw dried fibers require a sintering step that can lead to highly porous nanofibers or to a total loss of the fiber morphology. Generating dense sintered nanofibers via electrospinning is challenging, particularly in PZT fibers, where lead loss at high temperatures is amplified due to the large surface. This paper focuses on rapid thermal processing (RTP) of PZT nanofibers. The fibers thermal decomposition is studied in detail by TGA/DTA combined with mass spectroscopy and XRD. Pre-firing at 350 degrees C for 0.5 h is required for effective organics burnout. RIP for 30s at 800 degrees C allows formation of the perovskite PZT phase, similar to conventional firing at 650 degrees C for 2 h. In summary, we demonstrated that a combination of pre-firing with RIP sintering can be used as an efficient and environmentally friendly process, leading to dense, smooth PZT nanofibers that are sensitive to deformation. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.