Strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) nanofibres are successfully prepared by the electrospinning method followed by calcination. The effects of Fe3+/Sr2+ molar ratio and calcination temperature on the structure, morphology and magnetic properties are studied. The results indicate that a single phase of strontium hexaferrite is obtained at the Fe3+/Sr2+ molar ratio of 10.6 calcined at 700-1000 degrees C. When the Fe3+/Sr2+ molar ratio and the calcination temperature are 10.6 and 800. C, respectively, SrFe12O19 nanofibres with a maximum coercivity value of 6853 Oe, a relatively high saturation magnetization of 59 emu g(-1) and a remanent magnetization of 35 emu g(-1) are achieved. The plausible mechanisms are given for the formation and variation in magnetic properties of the nanofibres.