Poly(L-lactide) (PLA) nanofibers containing the antitumor drug cisplatin were prepared using a onestep method by means of electrospinning of cisplatin-/-PLA solutions. The pristine and cisplatincontaining nanofiber mats were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM observation revealed that the diameter of the cisplatin-containing nanofiber fibers ranged from 420 nm to 590 nm. With the introduction of cisplatin, the fiber diameters are dramatically decreased. To evaluate the possibility of using cisplatin-containing PLA as an antitumor tissue engineering scaffold, experiments on cell viability and against oral squamous cell carcinoma activity were carried out. As a result, PLA nanofibrous scaffolds having cisplatin of 0.2 wt% showed antitumor effect against oral squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, compared with raw cisplatin, the prepared cisplatin-containing nanofibers showed an initial low antitumor activity and then provided a sustained antitumor efficiency. Therefore, the performance of these nanofibers makes them promising candidates for tumor treatment.