Carbonaceous materials are usually used to improve the electrochemical performance of GeOx for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Preparing a material in which GeOx is ultra-dispersed in carbon nanofibers via a simple process has rarely been reported. Here we design and prepare a three-dimensional (3D) composite in which amorphous GeOx is ultra-uniformly distributed in one-dimensional (1D) microporous carbon nanofibers (GeOx-mCNFs) via high energy ball milling combined with carbonization-amorphization reactions. When directly used as a binder-free anode material for LIBs, the assynthesized GeOx-mCNFs hybrid shows a highly reversible specific capacity, a good rate performance, and an excellent cycling stability (i.e., 621 mA h g(-1) at 1.2 A g(-1) after 300 cycles), which is attributed to the synergistic effects of the ultra-uniform amorphous GeOx, a 1D interconnected carbon nanostructure, and micropores. It is expected that the GeOx-mCNFs hybrid could be utilized as a binder-free anode material in high-current rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.