In this report, we introduce electrospun silicon nanoparticle and carbon nanotube loaded carbon nanofibers (SCNFs) as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The one-dimensional structure of electrospun nanofibers provides porosity for the anode material. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the electrospun fibers reduce the volume expansion of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) and improve mechanical stability of the electrode. Both CNTs and carbon nanofibers enhance electronic conduction by connecting SiNPs in SCNEs for electrode reactions. These contribute to improved electrochemical performance of SCNF anode-based LIBs resulting in the enhancement of capacity and cycling ability. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.