Carbon/Si composite nanofibers with porous structures are prepared by electrospinning and subsequent carbonization processes. It is found that these porous composite nanofibers can be used as anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) without adding any binding or conducting additive. The resultant anodes exhibit good electrochemical performance; for example, a large discharge capacity of 1100 mAh g(-1) at a high current density of 200 mA g(-1). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.