Electrospun biopolymer-derived nanofiber webs are promising scaffolds for growing tissue and cells. However, the webs are mechanically weak and electrically insulating. We have synthesized a polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofiber web that is pliable, tough, and electrically conductive, by incorporating optically active, DNA-wrapped, double-walled carbon nanotubes. The nanotubes were individually trapped along the length of the PEO nanofiber and acted as mechanically reinforcing filler and an electrical conductor.