The antimicrobial chitosan-polyethylene oxide (CS-PEO) nanofibrous mats were developed by electrospinning technique for wound dressing applications. Indeed, a green route was introduced for fabrication of antibacterial mats loaded with 0.25% and 0.50% (w/w) of bioactive silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs, -70 nm diameter) reduced by Falcaria vulgaris herbal extract. The mats were characterized by FE-SEM, EDAX, elemental mapping, FT-IR, contact angle, TGA/DSC as well as tensile strength analysis. All of the nanofibers had an average -200 nm diameter. Interestingly, both of the CS-PEO mats containing 0.25% and 0.50% bioactive F. vulgaris-Ag NPs revealed 100% bactericidal activities against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The silver release from nanofiber mats was sharply increased within first eight hours for both CS-PEO mats including 0.25% and 0.50% F. vulgaris-Ag NPs but after that the Ag nanoparticles were released very slowly (almost constant). The improved hydrophilicity, higher tensile strength and much greater silver release for CS-PEO-0.50% F. vulgaris-Ag NPs relative to those of the CS-PEO 0.25% F. vulgaris-Ag NPs suggested that the former was superior for biomedical applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.