Tissue-engineered scaffolds with nanofibrous morphology have been shown to be effective in regeneration of tissues because nanofibers mimic the native architecture of the extracellular matrix. The unique alignment in the native tissue motivated the authors to fabricate aligned nanofibers of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and PHBV-gelatin. The in vitro potential of the scaffolds was evaluated using human smooth muscle cells. MTS study confirmed that PHBV aligned nanofibrous scaffold promotes better cell proliferation as well as gene expression of key contractile and extracellular matrix markers than their PHBV-gelatin counterparts. Hence, the PHBV aligned nanofibers can be used as a biomimetic scaffold for the regeneration of esophagus. Electrospinning system for aligned nanofibers fabrication (A) and interaction of human smooth muscle cells on aligned nanofibers (B). [GRAPHICS] .