One-dimensional Sm3+ doped SrWO4 nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning. The structure, morphology and luminescence properties of the obtained nanofiber phosphors were investigated. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transformation infrared results show that the SrWO4: Sm3+ samples crystallize at 700 degrees C. Scanning electron microscope results indicate that synthesized samples present uniform fiberlike morphology. The luminescence results show that SrWO4:Sm3+ phosphors can be excited efficiently by ultraviolet and near-ultraviolet light. The emission spectra of SrWO4:Sm3+ samples consist of three emission peaks at 560, 598, and 640 nm, corresponding to (4)G(5/2) -> H-6(5/2), (4)G(5/2) -> H-6(7/2) and (4)G(5/2) -> H-6(9/2) transitions of Sm3+, respectively. The optimal doping concentration of Sm3+ in SrWO4 is ascertained experimentally to be 4 mol%.