Eu3+-doged LaPO4 micro-nanofibers were prepared by the electrospinning technology. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), themogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and photoluminescence spectra (PL) were used to characterize the obtained samples. XRD patterns indicate that the as-prepared micro-nanofibers are crystallized well at 800 degrees C and assigned to JCPDS-35-0731 of the monoclinic LaPO4 crystal. Upon excitation into the Eu3+ at 409 nm, the emission spectrum of LaPO4: Eu3+ micro-nanofibers is composed of D-5(0)-F-7(J) (J = 1, 2, 3, 4) emission lines of Eu3+, with the transition D-5(0) - F-7(2) (at 618 nm) being the most prominent group, which is characterized by red emission. The optimum doping concentration of Eu3+ is 5mol% in the LaPO4: Eu3+ micro-nanofibers. The luminescence decay curve of LaPO4: Eu3+ micro-nanofibers shows single exponential behavior, and the lifetime(tau) of Eu3+ is about 3.7 ms.