Single nanofibers with chemical and functional properties consistent with artery extracellular matrix nanofibers were produced by electrospinning. Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I+Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I+poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I+Collagen type III+poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I+poly (diol citrate)+Decorin+Aggrecan. Fiber sizes for all materials ranged from 50nm to 600nm and random fiber mats had pore sizes from 21 to 40=m(2) and porosities of 72-84%. Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts adhered to all fibers and proliferated over a 7-day study period. Mechanical properties of single fibers were investigated using a combined atomic force/optical microscope. Materials containing poly (diol citrate) showed elasticity increased 3.2 fold greater than composites without poly (diol citrate). Maximum stress was within functional range in comparison to decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers. By incorporating poly (diol citrate) and proteoglycan along with collagen, a viscoelastic nanofibrous material was produced for use in tissues such as artery where viscoelasticity and tensile strength are required.