Ceramic hollow nanofibers possess unique one-dimensional tubular nanostructure, which have potential application prospects in the fields of microelectronics, catalysts, gas sensors and photoelectric transducers. The research progress on ceramic hollow nanofibers prepared by electrospinning is reviewed. The tendency of studies on fabricating ceramic hollow nanofibers through coaxial electrospinning, single capillary electrospinning and postprocessing is mainly introduced. And the discussion on the formation mechanism of hollow structure of ceramic nanofibers is presented with emphasis on single capillary electrospinning method, including phase transformation mechanism, gas evaporating mechanism and Kirkendall effect. The application prospect and disadvantages are also summarized.