We show a simple and effective way in fabricating CdS nanoparticle-functionalized natural cotton cellulose electrospun nanofibers, via combining the electrospinning technique and the chemical bath deposition method. CdS nanoparticles, with cubic zinc-blende structure, can be dispersed uniformly on the surfaces of cotton cellulose nanoribers. Our results show that the obtained nanocomposites exhibit good photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation, leading to an important application in photodegradation of organic pollutant.(C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.