One-dimensional alpha-Fe2O3/Bi2WO6 heterostructured nanofibers with the diameter of about 300-500 nm were successfully prepared by using a simple and straightforward protocol combining an electrospinning technique with a sintering process. The as-obtained products were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, XPS, BET and UV-vis spectroscopy. It was found that the construction of alpha-Fe2O3/Bi2WO6 heterostructures can effectively impede the recombination of photoelectrons and holes and alpha-Fe2O3/Bi2WO6 heterostructured nanofibers possess a superior photocatalytic activity compared to pure Bi2WO6 nanofibers for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye driven by visible light.