In this study, the surface plasmon effect of Au nanoparticles was successfully realized in the solid state by embedding the Au nanoparticles on the surface of the transparent polymer fibers for the first time. Electrospinning a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and HAuCl4 mixture followed by a wet chemical reduction, the gold nanoparticles were formed on the PMMA nanocomposite electrospun fibers in a well-distributed manner to give photostable purple color. The Au nanoparticles were all sphere shaped with an average diameter of 12 nm. Specifically, simply adjusting HAuCl4 salt concentration in the electrospinning solution, it is able to control the electrospun fiber diameter and gold nanoparticle content in the resulting PMMA/Au nanocomposite fibers. Therefore, the developed method described herein is simple and effective for the large volume production of PMMA/Au nanocomposite fibers. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.