Eu3+ doped lanthanum oxybromide (LaOBr) nanostructures including nanofibers, nanoribbons, and hollow nanofibers were fabricated for the first time via calcining the electrospun PVP/[La(NO3)(3)+Eu(NO3)(3)+NH4Br] composites. X-ray diffraction analysis results showed that LaOBr:Eu3+ nanostructures were tetragonal in structure with space group of P4/nmm. The morphologies and sizes of the LaOBr:Eu3+ nanostructures were studied by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The mean diameter of the nanofibers and hollow nanofibers, and the width of nanoribbons are 118.02 +/- A 14.21, 115.84 +/- A 13.37 nm, and 1.56 +/- A 0.25 mu m, respectively. Under the excitation of 289 nm ultraviolet light, LaOBr:Eu3+ nanostructures exhibit the red emissions of predominant peak at 618 nm, which is ascribed to the D-5(0) -> F-7(2) transition of the Eu3+ ions. It is found that the optimum doping concentration of the Eu3+ ions in the LaOBr:Eu3+ nanofibers is 5 %. Interestingly, we found that the luminescence intensity of nanofibers is obviously greater than that of the hollow nanofibers and nanoribbons for LaOBr:Eu3+ under the same measuring conditions. Moreover, the color emissions of LaOBr:Eu3+ nanostructures can be tuned by adjusting the concentration of Eu3+ and the morphologies of nanomaterials. The obtained LaOBr:Eu3+ nanostructures may be promising nanomaterials for applications in the fields of light display systems and optoelectronic devices.