In an attempt to mimic properties of the polyanionic nanofibrous cortical layer (ectoplasm) of nerve, tube-shaped poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) nanofiber constructs were prepared via electrospinning. The influence of processing parameters on the morphology of the electrospun PAA nanofibers was systematically investigated. Smooth and uniform PAA nanofibers with average fiber diameter of 820nm were produced at a concentration of 4wt% with a flow rate of 0.8 mLh(-1) when a high voltage of 15 kV was applied. Water-stable PAA nanofibers were obtained by thermally crosslinking PAA with ethylene glycol. The resulting tubes were neutralized to the sodium polyacrylate form and were shown to undergo reversible and abrupt length changes upon titration with CaCl2 followed by titration with sodium citrate. The sharpness of the length transition was found to be highly dependent upon the bathing NaCl concentration and the operation temperature. It is suggested that electrospun PAA may be a promising candidate as a key element of an abiotic macromolecular mimic of selected properties of axons. (c) 2014 Society of Chemical Industry