Calcium manganese oxide (CaMnO3) nanofibers with diameters ranging from 460 to 520 nm were successfully synthesized for the first time by electrospinning. The fibers were calcined at 700, 800, and 900 degrees C for 2 h in air. The fibers were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD patterns showed crystalline phases of CaMnO3 at 800 degrees C with the perovskite structure. The SEM and TEM images revealed the surface of the CaMnO3 nanofibers as rough, with a porous structure. These results indicated that calcination temperature influenced the morphology and crystalline phase of CaMnO3. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.