Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning under different conditions using a solution of poly(vinyl alcohol) and zinc acetate as precursor. A 2(3) factorial design was made to study the influence of the process parameters in the electrospinning (collector distance, flow rate and voltage), and a 2(2) factorial design was made to study the influence of the calcination process (time and temperature). SEM images were made to analyze the fiber morphology before and after calcination process, and the images were made to measure the nanofiber diameter. X-ray diffraction was made to analyze the total precursor conversion to ZnO and the elimination of the polymeric carrier.