Gold-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2:Au) nanofibers were prepared by a combination of an electrospinning method and sputtering technology and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the morphologies of Au-deposited TiO2 nanofibers can be well controlled by the sputtering time. The photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde on TiO2: Au nanofibers was investigated at room temperature. The photocatalytic effect of the TiO2 nanofiber was improved by using the Au-doped titania nanofibers catalyst and increased as the Au depositing time was increased from 40 s to 3 min. The photocatalytic removal rate of acetaldehyde remained above 94% on the TiO2: Au nanofibers (2 min) catalyst under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for 70 min, 1.7 times that of pure TiO2 fibers.