Eu3+ and Tb3+ doped LaBO3 nanofibers have been prepared by electrospinning of a precursor solution that was prepared by a Pechini process and subsequent calcination treatment. The resulting nanofibers were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL). The XRD result indicated that the electrospun nanofibers could crystallize into orthorhombic aragonite-type LaBO3 at 750 degrees C. The SEM results showed that the precursor fiber shrank to less than 100 nm during the calcination treatment. Compared with the powder sample, the luminescent LaBO3: Eu3+ (Tb3+) nanofibers have stronger luminescence intensity and longer luminescence decay times and are expected to be used for optical detector and full-color display devices. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.