A modified procedure was presented to prepare homogeneous collagen-30 wt.% HA composite sols in an organic solvent. Then, composite fibers with an average diameter of about 60 nm were successfully fabricated from the sol precursor via the electrospinning process. These composite fibers showed a uniform and continuous morphology, with the oriented alignment of the needle-like HA nanocrystals along the collagen fibers. The phase composition of the composite fibers was confirmed by XRD and TG analyses. Compared with the conventional method, the modified method was more efficient in producing uniform nanoparticle-filled polymer fibers. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.