High lithium storage capacity and high conductivity of the LIB anode materials are extremely desirable for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, the article demonstrated the method of embedding single or few layers 2D MoS2 into e-spun carbon nanofibers (MS-CNFs) to improve the electrochemical behavior of lithium anode materials. As demonstrated by various microscopic and spectroscopic analyses, MS-CNFs exhibited well-aligned morphology with uniform diameter of 330-360 nm. The roughness surface of MS-CNFs is favorable to shorten ion diffusion pathway and decrease the charge transfer resistance. Moreover, MS-CNFs hybrids exhibit a higher specific capacity of 1172 mAh g(-1) with the good rate capability (97.3%) and cycle stability (86.4%) than pristine PAN based carbon nanofibers (p-CNFs) and 2D MoS2 due to the synergistic effect of pseudocapacitive material MoS2 and roughness morphology of CNFs. It is anticipated to exploit surface modification of MoS2 nanosheets and MoS2-based composites with high performances. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.