Ag nanoparticle-embedded one-dimensional beta-CD (beta-cyclodextrin)/PVP composite nanofibers were prepared using a one-step electrospinning technique. Ag nanoparticles were obtained in the AgNO3/beta-CD/DMF solution, in which silver nitrate been introduced as the precursor, DMF as solvent, beta-CD as reducing and capping agent. After electrospinning of the composite solution at room temperature, the beta-CD/PVP nanofibers containing Ag nanoparticles were obtained. The electrospun composite solution containning Ag nsnopsrticles were confirmed by UV-visible absorption spectra; the resulting composite nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy , transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Ag-beta-CD/PVP nanofiber exhibits good antibacterial property for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Consequently, we propose that these Ag nanoparticle-embedded 1D-nanostructures prepared via electrospinning may be used as antibacterial material.