The Fe-C nanofibers were achieved using electrospinning technique. The microstructure was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope and high resolution transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The results indicated that magnetic Fe nanoparticles uniformly dispersed along nanofibers and were parceled by carbon matrix. For the Fe-C nanofibers/paraffin composite, a minimum reflection loss (RL) value of -44 dB was observed at 4.2 GHz. Moreover, the frequency range with RL peak value below -10 dB was achieved in a wide frequency range from 2.2 to 13.2 GHz. The excellent microwave absorption properties were due to the combination of complex permeability and permittivity resulting from magnetic Fe particles and lightweight carbon. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.