One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures provide shortened Li+ diffusion pathways, structural stability and large interfacial area between the active material and electrolyte, which enhances the reversibility and cycling performance of spinel Li4Ti5O12 (LTO). Herein, we have successfully synthesized iodine (I) doping 1D LTO nanofibers by an electrospinning technique and studied the I doping effect on the lattice parameter, morphology and electrochemical properties of 1D LTO nanofibers. The 1D Li4Ti5O12-xIx (x=0.3) nanofibers have excellent rate capability, specific capacity and cycling stability because of the shortened diffusion length for Li+ transport, which are mainly due to cubic lattice parameter of LTO increase with I doping. Also, Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results confirmed that I doping can reduce the electrochemical polarization of LTO and increase the lithium ion diffusion coefficient, which can improve the electrochemical performance of LTO.