The flexible ZrO2/C composite nanofibrous film was fabricated by electrospinning and thermal treatment. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectra were used to characterize the morphology and microstructure of the ZrO2/C composite nanofibrous film. The ZrO2/C nanofibers exhibited rough surface and had the average diameter of about 230 +/- 35 nm. And the ZrO2 nanoparticles were incorporated in carbon matrix and in tetragonal and monoclinic. The flexural property of the ZrO2/C composite nanofibrous film was investigated in detail. The results showed that the flexural property of the nanofibrous film was greatly improved with addition of the ZrO2 nanoparticles. Besides, with the increase of the contents of ZrO2 nanoparticles, the flexural modulus of the nanofibrous film decreased, reached a lowest value, and then increased. The lowest flexural modulus of the ZrO2/C composite nanofibrous film in precursor concentration of 7.0 wt% was 8.55 +/- 0.06 MPa.