One-dimensional ZnO nanofibers were synthesized by the electrospinning method. Then, a high spectrum selectivity ultraviolet detector was fabricated based on poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and ZnO hybrids. At 4 V reverse bias, the dark current of the detector was as low as 9.6 nA. The device showed a large photo-to-dark current ratio of more than two orders of magnitude. Under the irradiation of 330 nm UV light, a peak responsivity of 2.62 A/W was achieved. The high photoresponse was attributed to the efficient carrier separation and convenient charge transport between ZnO and PVK. In addition, the detector possessed a narrow full-width at half-maximum of similar to 36 nm.