In this letter, we have studied photoluminescence (PL) properties of europium-doped titania (TiO2:Eu3+) nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning. The nanostructured TiO2:Eu3+ is characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum. When TiO2:Eu3+ nanofibers are excited by 325 nm, their emission spectrum show emission lines associated with intra-4f transitions from D-5(1) and D-5(0) levels to F-7(j) level of Eu3+ ions. In addition, the concentration quench effect, energy transfer and photoluminescence mechanism in TiO2:Eu3+ nanofibers are also discussed. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.