Fe3C based catalysts are found to be one of the most promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report on a nanoarchitectured material composed of Fe3C nanoparticles encapsulated at the tip of nitrogen-enriched carbon nanotubes (NCNTs), which are aligned on one dimensional (1D) nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (Fe3C@NCNTs-NCNFs) by a scalable electrospinning technique, as a high performance OER catalyst. The unique 3D hierarchical architecture of Fe3C@NCNTs-NCNFs leads to highly exposed active sites, enhanced electron transfer properties and strong synergistic coupled effects. Fe3C@NCNTs-NCNFs exhibit an outstanding catalytic performance with a high current density (10 mA cm(-2) at an overpotential of 284 mV), a low Tafel slope (56 mV dec(-1)), a low charge transfer resistance and strong durability in 1 M KOH solution. The electrochemical evaluation demonstrates that the Fe3C@ NCNTs-NCNF composite is a promising electrocatalyst for the OER in alkaline solution.